Orthotics and Prosthetics glossory
Web Page Glossory
My name is Ariana, I am a student at Montmorency College in the Orthotics, Prostheses and Orthopedic Care program. In this glossary I will present words that are frequently used in this area and others that are not so familiar.
- Anamnesis
- noun
- A patient's account of a medical history.
- Example: Trying to decide the original cause only with the help of an anamnesis and a physical examination could thus be problematic.
- en: anamnèse
- Acetabulum
- noun
- The socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.
- en: Acétabulum
- Abduction
- noun
- The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part.
- Example: Any movement requiring abduction of the arm more than 90 degrees is painful.
- en: Abduction
- Adduction
- noun
- The movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part.
- Example: Avoiding excessive and prolonged infant hip adduction, or forcing the legs in a straight position close together for periods of time may help prevent strain on the hip joints.
- en: Adduction
- Condyle
- noun
- A rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone.
- Example: The joint between the skull and the lower jaw is formed by a mandibular condyle.
- en: Condyle
- Distal
- adjective
- Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.
- Example: The hand is distal to the shoulder.
- en: Distal
- Oedema
- noun
- A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.
- Example: She was re-admitted to hospital in pulmonary oedema with peripheral fluid retention and ascites, and impaired renal and hepatic function.
- en: Œdème
- Hallux
- noun
- A person's big toe.
- Example: One of my friends fractured his hallux.
- en: Hallux
- Lordosis
- noun
- Excessive inward curvature of the spine.
- Example: Children with nail-patella syndrome should be periodically screened for scoliosis and lordosis.
- en: Lordose
- Metacarpal
- noun
- Any of the five bones of the hand.
- Example: Eight small, bead-like carpal bones connect to the two lower-arm bones, the ulna and the radius and to the metacarpal bones of the hand.
- en: Métacarpien
- Metatarsal
- noun
- Any of the bones of the foot (metatarsus).
- Example: There is no evidence of a pulley joint between the metatarsal and the adjacent phalange.
- en: Métatarse
- Valgus
- noun
- A deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb away from the midline.
- Example: A valgus heel can also be corrected with surgery.
- en: Valgus
- Varus
- noun
- A deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb toward the midline.
- Example: His position is affected by a varus.
- en: Varus
- Phalanx
- noun
- A bone of the finger or toe.
- Example: There are fourteen phalanges in the hand.
- en: Phalange
- Dorsiflexion
- verb
- Bend (something, typically the hand or foot) dorsally or toward its upper surface.
- Example: The ankle joint is in dorsiflexion at this point underneath the body, either elastically loaded from a mid/forefoot strike or preparing for stand-alone concentric plantar flexion.
- en: Dorsiflexion
- Epicondylitis
- noun
- A painful inflammation of tendons surrounding an epicondyle.
- Example: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) is pain on the inside of the elbow, radiating down the forearm.
- en: Épicondylite
- Fibula
- noun
- The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the tibia.
- Example: She sustained a fracture to her right ankle and a fracture to her right fibula.
- en: Fibula
- Orthotic
- noun
- An artificial support or brace for the limbs or spine.
- Example: Patients receive a comprehensive biomechanical evaluation to determine if they will benefit from an orthotic device.
- en: Orthèse
- Prosthetic
- noun
- An artificial body part; a prosthesis.
- Example: She has a prosthetic leg from the knee down.
- en: Prothèse
- Sagittal
- adjective
- Of or in a plane parallel to the sagittal suture, especially that dividing the body into left and right halves.
- Example: There is generally no sagittal crest to the skull; and the condyle of the lower jaw is transversely elongated.
- en: Sagittal
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